Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Service Oriented Architecture
Service Oriented Architecture is a software architectural pattern which helps in communicating one application function in software as a service to other applications. This service orientation is independent of operating systems, technology and products. It is evolved as part of distributed computing based on the request response mode for both synchronous as well as asynchronous communications.

Basically a service is a component which is capable of performing a task, for example: providing address for applying a debit card on online. Every computer can run many services together, and each of the service will exchange data to any other computer in the network without any human intervention. So the entire systems in a network can cooperate together and will establish a good communication for the exchange of information.

SOA Characteristics
1. Web Service Description Language (WSDL) is the standard used to describe services.
2. Universal Description Definition Integration (UDDI) the standard used to register and service lookup. This registry is mainly for looking up applications and invoking the services in it.
3. Services are communicating with messages defined in XML schema called as XSD.
4. The QoS elements like authentication, authorising, reliable messaging, policies to invoke services are associated with each SOA service.

Service architecture
Service users can invoke services by sending messages. These messages are transformed and routed by a service bus to appropriate service implementer. The business logic or rules are within the services or across service. It contains a management infrastructure which will do auditing, billing and logging. The main resources used by a service include databases, software components, legacy systems and many more. Any internal change in the service is invisible to the customers because it would affect the message processing capabilities of the service.

Mainly it act as a bridge between the implementations and service users , which will create a logical view of sets of services available for use that is invoked by a common interface an management architecture.

It is the service which can act as the key to communication between the provider and the consumer. The service bus will facilitate the aggregation of low level infrastructure services to higher level business services.

SOA Infrastructure
For managing and running SOA applications, an SOA infrastructure part of SOA platform is needed. The fundamental pieces of the SOA infrastructure are WSDL for describing the service, UDDI for registering and look up the services and SOAP act as transport layer to send messages between consumer and provider of the service. A service user can search for a service in the UDDI registry, get the WSDL for the service which contains description and invoke the service using the service using SOAP.

SOA Benefits
SOA with a set of standards have greater re usability of existing data in the enterprise. It allows creating applications that can be built on the top of new and existing application. Even the evolutionary changes that happen in the application are isolated; SOA can enable change to application during the service implementation. It helps in the up gradation of services. It will reduce the burden of rewriting the application. It provides flexibility in building applications in agile manner by allowing the existing application to compose new services.


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