HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is a protocol used for transferring data over the web, but it sends information in plain text, making it vulnerable to interception by attackers. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP, where data is encrypted using SSL/TLS, ensuring that communications between the user and the website are private and protected from eavesdropping or tampering.
HTTP is the foundational protocol used for transmitting hypertext and other data on the web. It operates over TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) but does not encrypt the data being sent between the client (like a browser) and the server. This means that any information — such as passwords, personal details, or payment information — can be easily intercepted by attackers if they are monitoring the network. HTTP is faster than HTTPS because it does not require the overhead of encryption, but it is not suitable for sensitive or private communications.
HTTPS, or HTTP Secure, adds a layer of security by using SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) or its successor TLS (Transport Layer Security) to encrypt the data transferred between the client and server. This encryption ensures that even if the data is intercepted, it cannot be read or altered by unauthorized parties. Websites using HTTPS are identified by a padlock icon in the browser’s address bar, and many modern browsers mark HTTP sites as “Not Secure.” Besides privacy, HTTPS also provides authentication, verifying that the website you are communicating with is the one you intend to reach.